GABA、牛磺酸和pH值影响蝌蚪耐缺氧能力的研究

在水中溶解氧一定的条件下,将蝌蚪放入50 mL密闭三角瓶内,观察不同质量分数的牛磺酸、GABA以及水体不同pH值对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力的影响.结果显示,质量分数为0.4%的GABA水溶液对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力有极显著改善(P＜0.01),0.3%的GABA对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力有显著改善(P＜0.05).0.3%的牛磺酸对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力有极显著改善(P＜0.01),0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.5%的牛磺酸对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力有显著改善(P＜0.05).实验证明,GABA、牛磺酸均可提高蝌蚪的耐缺氧能力.而0.2%的β-丙氨酸可明显减弱牛磺酸的耐缺氧能力.pH值为5.4、8.0时可极显著减弱蝌蚪的耐缺氧能力(P＜0.01),pH值为7.2、7.7时可显著减弱蝌蚪的耐缺氧能力(P＜0.05).     

Toll-like receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory action of glaucine and oxoglaucine

Two isochinoline alkaloids, glaucine and oxoglaucine were investigated for their suggested anti-inflammatory influence concerning nitric oxide and cytokine production. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands such as LPS for TLR4, zymosan for TLR2 and CpG for TLR9. The alkaloids inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 production induced by these ligands. In regard to IL-12 suppressive effect was registered in the case of CpG stimulation. Glaucine succeeded to enhance LPS and zymosan-induced IL-10 production. The reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase of anti-inflammatory IL-10 are indicative for their use in different acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.     

GABA、牛磺酸和pH值影响蝌蚪耐缺氧能力的研究

在水中溶解氧一定的条件下, 将蝌蚪放入50 mL密闭三角瓶内, 观察不同质量分数的牛磺酸、GABA 以及水体不同pH 值对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力的影响。结果显示, 质量分数为0. 4% 的GABA水溶液对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力有极显著改善(P < 0. 01) , 0. 3%的GABA 对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力有显著改善(P < 0. 05)。0. 3%的牛磺酸对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力有极显著改善(P < 0. 01) , 0. 1%、0. 2%、0. 4%、0. 5%的牛磺酸对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力有显著改善(P < 0. 05)。实验证明, GABA、牛磺酸均可提高蝌蚪的耐缺氧能力。而0. 2%的B- 丙氨酸可明显减弱牛磺酸的耐缺氧能力。pH值为5. 4、8. 0时可极显著减弱蝌蚪的耐缺氧能力(P < 0. 01), pH 值为712、7. 7时可显著减弱蝌蚪的耐缺氧能力(P < 0. 05) 。     

褪黑素受体MT1和MT2在绵羊胃中的分布及表达

【目的】应用分子生物学技术探究绵羊不同胃室组织褪黑素(MT)特异性膜受体MT1和MT2的分布规律及表达模式,以初步探明绵羊不同胃室组织褪黑素调节胃消化的生物效应机制。【方法】采集绵羊瘤胃背囊、瘤胃腹囊、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃5个组织部位,用ELISA、实时荧光定量PCR、免疫组化和Western blotting方法检测褪黑素特异性膜受体MT1和MT2在绵羊胃组织不同部位的分布规律及表达模式。【结果】ELISA结果显示,绵羊各胃组织中均含有褪黑素,且皱胃中褪黑素含量最高,瓣胃次之,瘤胃背囊、瘤胃腹囊和网胃中均较低。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,MT1和MT2基因mRNA在皱胃中含量均最高,其次是瘤胃腹囊,在瘤胃背囊和网胃中含量较低。免疫组化结果显示,MT1和MT2蛋白在绵羊各胃组织中均有分布,主要表达于各胃组织的黏膜层,且在皱胃腺体中的分布呈从底部到颈部逐渐增多的趋势。Western blotting结果显示,MT1和MT2蛋白在网胃中表达均最高,瓣胃次之,在瘤胃背囊、瘤胃腹囊和皱胃中表达均较低。【结论】褪黑素在绵羊各胃组织中差异化表达从而发挥多样性生理功能,可能通过与胃组织上特异性受体MT1和MT2结合,通过信号传导系统而调控前胃受食糜刺激后发生反刍生理过程。     

植物多糖的免疫调节作用及其机制研究进展

多糖是生物体内广泛存在且具有多种生物活性的一类天然大分子物质,其对机体免疫系统具有重要调节作用。研究表明,植物多糖可通过与免疫细胞表面的多种受体结合、激活不同的信号通路来调控动物机体的免疫系统,包括:刺激巨噬细胞、T/B淋巴细胞、自然杀伤细胞的分泌或增殖;调节细胞因子的释放;促进抗体的分泌;激活补体系统等。本文主要对植物多糖对动物机体的免疫调节作用及其分子作用机制相关研究进行综述。     

Orexin and orexin receptor like peptides in the gastroenteric tract of Gallus domesticus: An immunohistochemical survey on presence and distribution

This study reports the immunohistochemical localization and distribution of orexin A and B-like and their receptors-like peptides in the gastroenteric tract of chicken. The immunoreactivity is distributed in endocrine cells, nerve fibers and neurons, both in the stomach and intestine, and shows a discrete conformity with the data till now reported for Mammals. Our study suggests a possible participation of orexin-like peptides in the modulation of chicken gastroenteric activities and the preservation of their main distribution compared to Mammals. Western blot analysis has confirmed the presence of prepro-orexin and both receptors in the examined tissues.     

桑叶中γ-氨基丁酸含量及富集方法的研究进展

综述桑叶中γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的含量及富集方法的研究进展,介绍了桑叶品种、叶龄、叶位和不同采摘季节对桑叶中γ-氨基丁酸含量的影响;厌氧、添加外源物、低温冷激、红外线照射等处理可提高桑叶γ-氨基丁酸的含量。桑叶作为一种富含γ-氨基丁酸的蛋白质资源,具有可观的开发前景。在桑叶中γ-氨基丁酸的富集方法,如红外线照射处理、低温冷激处理等方面还有进一步研究的空间。     

牛磺酸、γ-氨基丁酸对鲫抗缺氧能力的影响

研究牛磺酸、γ-氨基丁酸对鲫抗缺氧能力的影响,结果表明质量分数5‰、7‰牛磺酸水溶液对鲫抗缺氧能力有显著(P<0.05)和极显著作用(P<0.01),质量分数3‰γ-氨基丁酸水溶液对鲫抗缺氧有显著作用(P<0.05)。实验证明,γ-氨基丁酸、牛磺酸均可提高鲫的抗缺氧能力。     

The GABA a agonist muscimol enhances locomotor activity, but does not alter the behavioural effects of CRH in juvenile spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)†

The present study investigated the effects of manipulating the GABAergic system on locomotor activity in juvenile spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. In addition, we evaluated whether the GABAergic system is important for mediating the behavioural effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). An intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the GABA_a agonist muscimol caused an acute and dose dependent increase in locomotor activity in juvenile spring chinook salmon. ICV injections of the GABA_a antagonist bicuculline prevented the increase in activity when administered concurrently with muscimol. The GABA_b agonist baclofen had no effect on locomotor activity in this study. Furthermore, we found no evidence that the locomotor response to exogenous CRH was altered by the concurrent administration of muscimol or bicuculline. These results provide evidence to support the hypothesis that endogenous GABA within the central nervous system is involved in the control of locomotor activity in fish. The data also suggest that there is no interaction between the GABAergic system and CRH with regards to the control of locomotor activity in this species.